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Haviva Ner-David
Haviva Ner-David (formerly Haviva Krasner-Davidson) received her PhD from Bar Ilan University and wrote her thesis concerning the nature of the relationship between Tumah (ritual impurity) and Niddah (a menstruant woman).〔(Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance, Speakers Bureau: Rabbi Dr. Haviva Ner-David )〕 In 1993 she applied to Yeshiva University’s rabbinical program, RIETS〔The Rosh Yeshiva, Rabbi Norman Lamm is quoted as having said in reference to women’s ordination “It shakes the boundaries of tradition, and I would never allow it.” Helmreich, 1997.〕 and never received an official response.〔(A History of Women's Ordination as Rabbis by Avi Hein )〕 Despite this early rejection, she went on to become one of the first women known to have controversially been granted the equivalent〔Technically her ordination does not refer to her in the official capacity of “rabbi”, however Rabbi Strikovsky is on record as having said “People who don’t know more than Haviva call themselves rabbis, but instead of making another third-grade rabbi, I made a high-class instructor, who can be an instructor to other instructors.” (R’ Aryeh Strikovsky Explains Haviva Ner-David’s Certifications ). He also has instructed her not to use the title of "rabbi" in places where it might arouse controversy because "the Orthodox community is not ready for it, and they’ll just laugh at you." (Jewish Women International: Bringing a Woman’s Perspective to the Orthodox Rabbinate By Ruth Mason )〕 of Orthodox Semicha (rabbinic ordination), which she received from Rabbi Dr. Aryeh Strikovsky of Tel-Aviv in 2006.〔(Copy of Original Certificate ) MS Word Document〕 In 2000 she wrote a book documenting her journey and aspirations as a female rabbi entitled, ''Life on the Fringes: A Feminist Journey Toward Traditional Rabbinic Ordination''. She is the founding director of Reut: The Center for Modern Jewish Marriage 〔A marriage center in Jerusalem that helps couples plan a more woman-friendly ceremony and ketubah and provide legal and financial advice, couples counseling and a mikveh open to couples.〕 and self identifies as a “post-denominational rabbi.” 〔(Biographies: Director Haviva Ner-David )〕 She advocates arguably non-Orthodox practices such as egalitarian Tefilah and unmarried women practicing mikveh before engaging in pre-marital sex.〔''Life on the Fringes: A Feminist Journey Toward Traditional Rabbinic Ordination'', Haviva Ner-David〕
Ner-David is the Director of "Shmaya": A Ritual and Educational Mikveh, and the founding director of Reut: The Center for Modern Jewish Marriage. She has also written "Chanah’s Voice: A Rabbi Wrestles with Gender, Commandment, and the Women’s Rituals of Baking, Bathing, and Brightening" (2013, Ben Yehudah Press). She lives on Kibbutz Hannaton in northern Israel with her husband and seven children.〔(Ner David Bio at Times of Israel )〕〔(Ner David Bio at Reut )〕
==Notes and references==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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